Orlova A.A.
The Volgograd State University , Russian Federation
PROBLEMS OF INFRASTRUCTURE NANOINDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AT REGIONAL LEVEL
In today's competitive global environment increases the competitive advantages of Russian industry made possible by the development of high-tech industries based on the use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology . Effective functioning of nanotechnology is impossible without the availability of infrastructure. One of the priorities of development and stimulate the development of nanotechnology is building infrastructure nanotechnology at the federal and regional levels. Under the Federal Program "Development of Russian nanoindustry infrastructure for 2008-2010" has been tasked to develop the infrastructure within the national nanotechnology network (NNN) at the federal level and regional nanotechnology network (RNN) at the regional level [1].
Nanoindustry Infrastructure includes science-educational and research organization, logistics development, skills for scientific discovery and management of nanotechnology, manufacturing companies as part of the venture capital companies, technology parks, business incubators.
National Nanotechnology Network is a multilevel, multi-dimensional structure, which consists of the separate subnets on the priority directions of nanoindustry development in Russia [8].
The structure of the RNN should include industrial and technological, financial, information, expert and consulting, and human infrastructure.
Distinguish the specific problems faced by the region during the creation of region nanoindustry infrastructure.
Industrial and technological infrastructure of RNN is necessary for enabling access of enterprises (mostly small) to production resources. Its elements are the centers of innovation development in the regions, the scientific and technological parks, centers of technology transfer, business incubators, engineering and innovation center , logistics centers, special economic zone of technology-innovative and industrial-production type.
The main problems of production and technological infrastructure of the nanotechnology network in most regions are:
1. The absence of several key elements of infrastructure;
2. Inappropriate use or misuse of existing elements;
3. The absence of a methodological framework for the establishment and further integrated development of production and technological infrastructure;
4. Insufficient funding.
Financial infrastructure is the most controversial and debated. Despite the availability of a wide range of financial instruments, the main source of funding for nanotechnology research and development is own funds of small businesses.
Resources of regional funds which promote venture capital investment in small enterprises in scientific and technical sphere are enough to keep only a limited number of small innovative companies from bankruptcy in the early years .
Venture financing from the regional venture funds as does not the significant positive results. A possible reason is that the technology venture capital funding is not enough tested and therefore is not very effective. Large companies currently prefer to engage in the development of promising projects within the enterprise itself, instead of using ready-made developments create in the framework of projects with venture capital financing. The reason for such behavior most likely is a complex procedure "exit" from an investor of venture companies. Well-developed western venture financing scheme does not justify itself in the Russian context. In this regard it’s necessary to develop its own mechanism for the recruitment and use of venture capital funds [6].
As a result major problems of the financial infrastructure are insufficient funds allocated to R & D, as well as the lack of a mechanism to attract funds and guarantee security of investments and loans.
In this situation must seek new funding sources including:
1. Raising financial resources of large industrial enterprises, which are not yet interested in funding research and development;
2. Increased output of enterprises to markets for finished products [10];
3. Creating a regional guarantee funds or other structures that could solve the problem of bank loans of small innovative enterprises (as well as training materials for the organization of their activities and legal documents, ensuring that they work);
4. The participation of enterprises in international projects.
The next element of regional Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network - Information infrastructure - should have access to accurate information. This task in a region can deliver a wide range of organizations, including region centers for scientific and technical information, region centers of informatization and other consumer associations.
These organizations effectively solve the problem of access to technical and patent information. Nevertheless, there is a problem with the fact that potential users of inventions keep up to date on new developments, as well as organizing a consultation on their use.
This problem can be solved by creating a network of information-analytical centers in priority areas of science and technology, as well as conducting the work of organizing the collection, analysis and systematization of information about completed research on the region as a whole. To help in the issue of providing information to interested companies are able to well-organized exhibition events to be organized on the initiative of interested entities at the federal level [10].
The importance of expert consulting regional nanotechnology network infrastructure is difficult to overestimate, as activities in the field of nanotechnology, beginning from research and ending the use of established technologies and the creation of real goods, requires special knowledge that can be acquired only in practice.
On the territory of regions, these functions may perform Chambers of Commerce and Industry, centers for standardization, metrology and certification, centers of subcontracting, and centers for scientific and technical expertise. The problem is that all of these potential elements of RNN at this stage, acting separately, there is no overall strategy for development in the same direction. The second major problem is the lack of highly-qualified personnel in these organizations.
The problem of staffing is to solve the personnel infrastructure of region nanotechnology network, which in modern terms only higher education institutions.
For efficient development of region nanotechnology network need to open educational institutions nanotechnology disciplines, courses of staff development, development of appropriate methodological tools.
To solve the problem of providing consulting, methodical and educational support in the sphere of innovation activity in the region will need to create a specialized structure - the so-called "Coaching Centre" [5]. Creating such centers may be on the basis of region chambers of commerce and industry.
The analysis of the system infrastructure for nanotechnology in region suggests that, despite the presence of basic essential elements, there are several problems that hinder their further development and efficient operation. The independent operation of these elements can not be used as a basis for infrastructure provision of actively engaged in region to the creation, implementation and production development of nanotechnology, providing growth competitiveness and efficiency of goods and services. For their coordination within regional nanotechnology network requires approval of nanotechnology development strategy at the regional level, relevant programs of this strategy, to ensure their coordination with existing official document in regions, as well as the selection of the parent organization of region infrastructure nanotechnology.
References:
1. Federal Target Program "Development of nanotechnology infrastructure in the Russian Federation for 2008 - 2010 years." // Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated
2. Goncharova E.B. Technology development of a regional innovation system. Moscow : " Academy of Natural Sciences : fundamental research. ¹ 2. 2007
3. Inshakov O.V., Fesyun A.V. Public policy development of nanotechnology: the Russian and foreign experience/ Volgograd , 2009. 48p.
4. Inshakov, O.V., Russkova, E.G. infrastructure of market economy: systematic study. Vestnik St. Petersburg State University . Ser. 5. 2005. Vol. 2. - P. 28-37
5. Interview of deputy head of the Ministry of Industry of Russia Andrei Fursenko on the draft Concept of the venture industry in Russia . Center for Strategic Research North-West. URL: http://www.csr-nw.ru/content/library/print.asp?ids = 43 & ida = 441
6. Matyukhov, A.E. Financial infrastructure of innovation activity: problems of formation in Russia // Finances and Credit - 2007. - ¹ 22. - S. 77-84
7. Maznichenko V.G., Krishtal N.I. Problems and principles of innovation infrastructure. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/e-journals/Vsunud/2009-6E/09mvgfii.htm.
8. Nanotechnology development program in the Russian Federation until 2015. Approved by the instructions of the Government of Russia from
9. Recommendations for the development of the state scientific-technical policy of the Russian Federation / red. M.P. Kirpichnikova http://regions.extech.ru/acts/k_ankete/rntp
10. Shepelev, G.V. Problems of development of innovation infrastructure // Website Research Institute RINKTSE URL: http://www.extech.ru/library/article/shepelev.php
11. Siberian, E.V., Abakumov, N.N. Firsov, A.E. The institutional infrastructure of innovation activity in the region. // Regional Economics: Theory and Practice. 2008.¹ 34. P. 26-30.
12. Soboleva E. About cadres for the nanotechnology industry. Nanonewsnet. http://www.nanonewsnet.ru/articles/2009/elena-soboleva-o-kadrakh-dlya-nanoindustrii